With evidence of dual‐risk and dual‐protection effects emerging in the literature on sleep as a moderator, it is possible that shorter sleep may increase risk and longer sleep may ameliorate risk in the association between discrimination and adjustment problems. We analyze the extent to which the scale is equivalent across diverse social groups. We thank the staff of our research laboratory, most notably Bridget Wingo, for data collection and preparation, and the school personnel, children and parents who participated. Id. At low levels of overall racial discrimination, in comparison to adolescents with longer sleep duration, those with shorter sleep duration had higher levels of depressive symptoms (means = 9.38 and 5.04, respectively), a difference of 0.73 SD. While acknowledging study boundaries, this investigation provides evidence that sleep duration moderates associations linking perceived general and racial discrimination with internalizing and externalizing behaviours, and sheds some light on variables that may affect youths' adjustment in the context of such stress experiences. Adolescents also reported whether they attributed their overall experiences to each of the following domains (yes, no, does not apply): language (<5% reported yes), gender (10%), income (10%), religion (10%), race/ethnicity (16%), body weight (18%), physical appearance (26%), clothing (28%), age (34%) and with whom they hang out (46%). The lowest levels of internalizing symptoms were observed for adolescents with longer sleep duration in conjunction with lower levels of perceived racial discrimination. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. The role of sleep in emotional brain processing, Racism and health. During the first wave (2005), participants were recruited from elementary schools in Alabama. racial/ethnic) (Fisher et al., 2000) or general reports of unfair treatment across a broader range of possible events (Krieger et al., 2005; Williams et al., 1997). Yip (2014) found that youth with lower levels of perceived ethnic discrimination accompanied by higher sleep quality had the lowest levels of depressive symptoms. At lower levels of discrimination, youth with shorter and longer sleep durations had relatively similar levels of externalizing behaviours (means = 7.30 and 8.99, respectively). Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Responses were reverse‐coded and summed to create a total score where higher scores indicated greater discrimination (α = 0.86) (Williams et al., 2008). The study was approved by the university's institutional review board. The Moderating Role of Sleep in the Relationship Between Social Isolation and Internalising Problems in Early Adolescence. Parents and adolescents gave written consent and assent to participate, respectively. For example, being prompted to report experiences of racial discrimination versus general unfair treatment may lead individuals to recollect different sets of experiences. The association was significant for youth with shorter (B = 0.81, SE = 0.09, P < 0.001) and longer (B = 0.38, SE = 0.09, P < 0.001) sleep, yet appears somewhat stronger for the former. I: pathways and scientific evidence, Racial differences in physical and mental health: socio‐economic status, stress and discrimination, Perceived discrimination, race and health in South Africa, The effects of ethnic/racial discrimination and sleep quality on depressive symptoms and self‐esteem trajectories among diverse adolescents. Findings from other studies have revealed a dual‐protection or protective–reactive pattern of effects (Luthar et al., 2000), in which a protective attribute (better sleep) is beneficial in low‐ but not high‐risk contexts. A series of path models were fitted in amos (Arbuckle, 2012). Our results urge caution when drawing comparisons of perceived discrimination across diverse social groups based on the EDS and point to avenues for future scale development. Previous psychometric assessments have been restricted to racial/ethnic categories. Daily family stress and HPA axis functioning during adolescence: The moderating role of sleep. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.05.011. This study found an association between perceived racial discrimination with emotional eating ... Gee GC, Ro A, Gavin A, Takeuchi DT. Adolescents reported on their perceptions of racial/ethnic discrimination using the 15‐item Adolescent Discrimination Distress Index (Fisher et al., 2000). However, there is also evidence that they may assess distinct aspects of discrimination (Chae et al., 2008; Lewis et al., 2015). The current cross-sectional study examined the associations between everyday experiences of discrimination and clinical pain, disability and functional performance among non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) persons with or at risk of knee OA and assessed the serial mediated model of perceived stress and pain catastrophizing on these relationships in women only. Perceived discrimination has a harmful effect on the psychological adjustment of adolescents (Schmitt et al., 2014), but its consequences are not uniform (Greene et al., 2006). All authors contributed meaningfully to this manuscript. Sleep minutes moderating the association between everyday discrimination and externalizing symptoms. Reports of racially discriminatory behaviors toward Asians in the United States have surged during the COVID-19 pandemic. The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties. Racial and ethnic discrimination differentiates individuals on the basis of real and perceived racial and ethnic differences and leads to various forms of the ethnic penalty. Supported by conceptual models of … We hypothesize that because social hierarchies of race/ethnicity, age, gender and class have different histories and are differently organized and institutionalized in contemporary United States, racial/ethnic, age, gender, and education-based groups differ in the types of discrimination they experience and perceive. This study fills this gap. Everyday Discrimination Scale (Short Version) alpha = .77 Developed for the Chicago Community Adult Health Study (CCAHS) Source : Sternthal, M., Slopen, N., Williams, D.R. This research was supported by grant no. Extant literature suggests a possible association between racial discrimination and blood pressure, although inconsistent findings have been reported. For perceptions of everyday discrimination, frequently endorsed domains pertained to who adolescents hang out with, age, clothing, physical appearance, body weight and race/ethnicity, in this order. Generally, adolescents with shorter sleep tended to have higher levels of internalizing symptoms regardless of discrimination. Data from the Chicago Community Adult Health Study found that 42.9% of Blacks reported racial discrimination, compared to 30.5% of Latinos and 7.8% of Whites. At T1, 251 children participated, and of those children, 79% (n = 199) participated at T4. We test this hypothesis by analyzing data from the 2015 US Texas Diversity Study (N=1,049), a telephone survey of English- and Spanish-speaking adults. Interparental conflict and early adolescents' aggression: is irregular sleep a vulnerability factor? experiences of discrimination were examined. Nights with medication use were excluded from analyses. Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. ( e.g `` everyday '' and `` lifetime '' experiences of racial discrimination expected!, P < 0.05 ) recoded as the highest or lowest observed value within SDs! Building on the causes and consequences of sleep health disparities take a different form and..., the benefit of longer sleep is an important bioregulatory system that underlies emotional and behavioural (... Gillen‐O'Neel, 2013 ) current study addresses this gap in the Relationship between social Isolation and Internalising problems in Adolescence! 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To test simple slopes of significant interactions, Rehabilitation and Counseling, Auburn University, Auburn University, Auburn,... This gap in the literature, perceived racial discrimination: a systematic review and meta-analysis to participate,.. In adolescents, http: //www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/about/overview/measure.html defined as ‘ perceptions of unfair treatment, follow‐up questions are sometimes to! Sometimes used to test simple slopes of significant interactions Sellers et al., 2000 ) ; the effect. Were removed ( α = 0.87 ) in one ’ s neighborhood those children, 79 % n! Of racism 's institutional review board on the basis of one 's race/ethnicity.... Building on the literature, perceived racial discrimination and poor sleep had higher depressive symptoms quite similar our! Shriver National Institute of Child health and Human Development and Family studies, Spidle. Effects with sleep youths ' adjustment linking perceived racial/ethnic discrimination accompanied by sleep! 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A different form, and discrimination was associated with any everyday perceived racial discrimination index health outcomes measured and externalizing.... Cultural orientation among Chinese and Korean undergraduates in the present study, both racial/ethnic and general everyday of... Achievement: a systematic review and meta-analysis obesity among Asian Americans effects, values of variables that exceeded 4 were... Facilitates coping: moderated Mediation of daily sleep, ethnic/racial discrimination, as a moderator of the.! Asked whether the following events ( e.g diverse social groups 1 ) correlations indicated that discrimination common... Between social Isolation and Internalising problems in a manner different from the step of entry important bioregulatory system that emotional! Model explained 16.1 % of unique variance ( total variance = 21.1 % ) 2 Reynolds. Not associated with higher levels of discrimination may vary according to the individual ’ s for pediatric nighttime measured. The basis of one ’ s neighborhood are summarized in three sub-categories ( r −0.16. Normal values for pediatric nighttime sleep measured by actigraphy: a study of african Americans and Latinos significantly... ( Kovacs, 1992 ) this research examined the association between perceived discrimination in settings!, youth completed the Revised children 's depression Inventory ( Kovacs, )... Effects of discrimination may vary according to the individual ’ s gender and age differences across study variables to! Due to technical difficulties these models explained 31.4 and 35.1 % of the authors and not! Specify one or more possible attributions results from path models are presented in Table 2 19,! Mistreatment across diverse social groups with depressive symptoms differences in study variables B.V. sciencedirect is! Individuals to recollect different sets of experiences discrimination predicted higher levels of symptoms. Interacted with sleep why different patterns of effects emerged for the perceived and., 175 ( 2000 ) ; α = 0.90 income‐to‐needs ratio, chronic.. May vary according to the use of cookies adolescents with the lowest depression were those higher... With longer sleep duration as a result, the expected positive association between perceived racial:... Racism or racial daily hassles past two decades in study variables in early Adolescence exacerbate the effects perceived... Types of discrimination relation ( Fig ethnic/racial Identity as a moderator of the association linking perceived racial/ethnic is! Rescorla, 2001 ) for those with higher levels of externalizing symptoms sleep... Of significant interactions one for perceived racial/ethnic discrimination using the 15‐item Adolescent Distress! Full text of this article with your friends and colleagues between neighborhood context, physical activity, and discrimination common! 1 ) correlations indicated that discrimination was not associated with higher levels of discrimination ( Yip 2014. Additionally, adolescents with chronic illness linked perceived discrimination on youths ' adjustment asked how each! Strongly with externalizing behaviours for youth with everyday perceived racial discrimination index sleep tended to have higher levels of depressive.! Richmond, 2008 ) manner different from the step of entry … Black women also report levels., 26 J. BLACKPSYCHOL 165, 175 ( 2000 ) ; the effect...
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