[188][189][190], There are significant examples of fine arts in Bengal from earlier times, including the terracotta art of Hindu temples and the Kalighat paintings. He has written that this message has been given openly in the Quran that Islamic rule should be established throughout the world. The state's main ethnic group are the Bengalis, with the Bengali Hindus forming the demographic majority. ", Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, "Bengal beats India in Muslim growth rate", "Table 1: Distribution of population, sex ratio, density and decadal growth rate of population: 2011", Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, "Table 2(3): Literates and literacy rates by sex : 2011", Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, "Table 162, Number and Percentage of Population Below Poverty Line", "With 76 Towns And Cities Already Open Defecation Free, West Bengal Aims To Reach The 100% Mark by the End of This Year", "Catastrophic Health Care Payment: how much protected are the users of public hospitals? Subsequently, a lot of Muslims from Bangladesh also started fleeing to West Bengal because of extreme poverty in their state. This was the first attempt in which Muslim organizations in Bengal started demanding the Islamic blasphemy (Blasfamie) law. [47] The failed Indian rebellion of 1857 started near Calcutta and resulted in a transfer of authority to the British Crown,[48] administered by the Viceroy of India. West Bengal is the fourth populous most state of India. Darjeeling's schools include: St. Paul's, St. Joseph's North Point, Goethals Memorial School, and Dow Hill in Kurseong. [77][78], West Bengal is on the eastern bottleneck of India, stretching from the Himalayas in the north to the Bay of Bengal in the south. West Bengal is witnessing a new social trend. It has been observed that there has been a slow but steady decline in the percentage share of industry and agriculture over the years. In early summer, brief squalls and thunderstorms known as Kalbaisakhi, or Nor'westers, often occur. [181] Other folk music forms include Gombhira and Bhawaiya. Their social reforms eventually led to a cultural atmosphere that made it possible for practices like sati, dowry, and caste-based discrimination, or untouchability, to be abolished. [58][59] Clashes with the administration took place at several controversial locations over the issue of industrial land acquisition. With over 91 million inhabitants, it is the fourth-most populous state and the fourteenth-largest state by area in India. [31] Under Ashoka, the Maurya Empire of Magadha in the 3rd century BCE extended over nearly all of South Asia, including Afghanistan and parts of Balochistan. [176] Other writers include: Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay, best known for his work Pather Panchali; Tarashankar Bandopadhyay, well known for his portrayal of the lower strata of society;[177] Manik Bandopadhyay, a pioneering novelist; and Ashapurna Devi, Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay, Saradindu Bandopadhyay, Buddhadeb Guha, Mahashweta Devi, Samaresh Majumdar, Sanjeev Chattopadhyay, Shakti Chattopadhyay, Buddhadeb Basu,[178] Joy Goswami and Sunil Gangopadhyay. Among men, western dress has greater acceptance. Bengali dance forms draw from folk traditions, especially those of the tribal groups, as well as the broader Indian dance traditions. [98] Recognising its special conservation value, the Sundarbans area has been declared a Biosphere Reserve. The Council of Ministers reports to the Legislative Assembly. West Bengal is also home to indigenous tribal Adivasis such as: Santhal, Munda, Oraon, Bhumij, Lodha, Kol and Toto tribe. Mamta started an Islamic city project where hatred of non-religious people is taughtHe wrote that Mamta has also declared various types of stipends for the Imams of mosques but no such stipends were declared for Hindus. [166], The latest Sample Registration System (SRS) statistical report shows that West Bengal has the lowest fertility rate among Indian states. The railway system is a nationalised service without any private investment. When India was partitioned in 1947, the province was divided along the line approximately separating the two main concentrations of the religious communities. [214][215] Kolkata has played a pioneering role in the development of the modern education system in India. People such as Ram Mohan Roy, David Hare, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Alexander Duff and William Carey played leading roles in setting up modern schools and colleges in the city. [207], The University of Calcutta, the oldest and one of the most prestigious public universities in India, has 136 affiliated colleges. West Bengal also has the highest number of incidents of attempt to rape at 944, victims at 958 and the second highest rate at 2. [55], During the 1970s and 1980s, severe power shortages, strikes and a violent Marxist–Maoist movement by groups known as the Naxalites damaged much of the city's infrastructure, leading to a period of economic stagnation and deindustrialization. Some prominent financial dailies such as: The Economic Times, Financial Express, Business Line and Business Standard are widely circulated. [42] It was ruled by dynasties of the Bengal Sultanate and feudal lords under the Delhi Sultanate for the next few hundred years. Panta bhat (rice soaked overnight in water) with onion and green chili is a traditional dish consumed in rural areas. Hasan Imran has been the co-founder of banned terrorist organization SIMI, Hasan Imran is accused of transferring the money of the Saradha chit fund scam to the Jamaat-e-Islami of Bangladesh to provoke riots in Bangladesh. Major English language newspapers include The Telegraph, The Times of India, Hindustan Times, The Hindu, The Statesman, The Indian Express and Asian Age. We are you, we speak your voice, And we invite you to make yourself heard on Kreately. Hinduism constitutes 70.54% of West Bengal population. [4] In 2012, the state government passed a bill granting additional official status to Hindi, Odia, Punjabi, Santali and Urdu in areas where speakers exceed 10% of the population. West Bengal is a state located in east India and the fourth populated state. [114] GSDP percent growth at current prices varied from a low of 10.3% in 2010–2011 to a high of 17.11% in 2013–2014. [16][17], The origin of the name Bengal (Bangla and Bongo in Bengali) is unknown. Janet blames Muslims for terrorism. [107], The capital and largest city of the state is Kolkata—the third-largest urban agglomeration[108] and the seventh-largest city[109] in India. The population density … Particularly on cultural occasions, men also wear traditional costumes such as the panjabi with dhuti while women wear salwar kameez or sari. According to the provisional results of the 2011 national census, West Bengal is the fourth most populous state in India with a population of 91,347,736 (7.55% of India's population). The state has registered 14.8 per cent decadal growth of SC population in 1991-2001. On this day, processions begin at the various Buddhist monasteries, or gumpas, and congregate at the Chowrasta (Darjeeling) Mall. University of Calcutta (Focus Area—Electro-Physiological and Neuro-imaging studies including mathematical modelling) has also been selected under the "Centre with Potential for Excellence in a Particular Area" scheme. [213], West Bengal has eighteen universities. Christianity in West Bengal, India is a minority religion. 1202", "West Bengal may be renamed PaschimBanga", "Assembly drops West, renames State as Bengal", "Foreign ministry turns down Mamata Banerjee's 'Bangla' for West Bengal", "West Bengal to send another proposal to Centre on changing its name", "Intolerance debate: How some historical brutalities are more special than others", "Red-hand Buddha: 14 killed in Nandigram re-entry bid", "Defeat rocks India's elected communists", "Is West Bengal's economy actually reviving under Mamata Banerjee? [45] The Bengal Presidency was established in 1765; it later incorporated all British-controlled territory north of the Central Provinces (now Madhya Pradesh), from the mouths of the Ganges and the Brahmaputra to the Himalayas and the Punjab. [29] According to the Sri Lankan chronicle Mahavamsa, Prince Vijaya (c. 543 – c. 505 BCE), a Vanga Kingdom prince, conquered Lanka (modern-day Sri Lanka) and named the country Sinhala Kingdom. The agricultural sector in particular rose to 8.33% in 2010–11 before tumbling to −4.01% in 2012–13. [125], However, over the years due to effective changes in the stance towards industrialisation, ease of doing business has improved in West Bengal. East Bengal (Bengali: পূর্ববঙ্গ Purbô Bongo) was a geographically noncontiguous province of the Dominion of Pakistan covering Bangladesh.With its coastline on the Bay of Bengal, it bordered India and Burma.It was located very near to, but did not share a border with, Nepal, Tibet and the Kingdom of Bhutan.Its capital was Dhaka. [5] The state government debt of ₹4.0 lakh crore (US$56 billion), or 32.6% of GSDP, is fifth highest India, but has dropped from 40.65% since 2010–11. During the Islamic Bengal Sultanate, founded in 1352, Bengal was major world trading nation and was often referred by the Europeans as the richest country with which to trade. In most of the state, cycle rickshaws and in Kolkata, hand-pulled rickshaws and electric rickshaws are used for short-distance travel. She settled in Kolkata thinking that she will be safe there because India is a secular country and there is also the freedom to keep ideas there. Executive authority is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister although the titular head of government is the Governor. This is the reason why a large number of Hindus have started migrating from there.Like Kashmiri Pandits, here Hindus have to leave their homes and businesses and move to other places. The state capital is Kolkata, the third-largest metropolis, and seventh largest city by population in India. Chhau dance of Purulia is a rare form of masked dance. Administration by governors appointed by the court of the Mughal Empire gave way to semi-independence under the Nawabs of Murshidabad, who nominally respected the sovereignty of the Mughals in Delhi. This indicates the importance of public provision of health services to mitigate against poverty and the impact of illness on poor households. [179][180], A notable music tradition is the Baul music, practised by the Bauls, a sect of mystic minstrels. In the same year, plans for a 300 billion Jindal Steel project was mothballed. Marwari, Maithil and Bhojpuri speakers are scattered throughout the state; various indigenous ethnic Buddhist communities such as the Sherpas, Bhutias, Lepchas, Tamangs, Yolmosand et… [80], The main river in West Bengal is the Ganges, which divides into two branches. It also borders the Indian states of Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim and Assam. [26] According to the Indian epic Mahabharata the region was part of the Vanga Kingdom. [69] Significant strides have been made in reducing unemployment,[70] though the state suffers from substandard healthcare services,[71][72] a lack of socio-economic development,[73] poor infrastructure,[74] unemployment and civil violence. [119] The Durgapur-Asansol colliery belt is home to a number of steel plants. [63][64][65] The state has shown improvement regarding bandhs (strikes)[66][67][68] and educational infrastructure. On this counts, Assam was ahead of West Bengal with a crime rate of 3.7. During the three decades of Left Front rule in West Bengal, the hegemonic position of the Bengali bhadralok wasn’t ever disturbed. [118]:18 As of 2006, the road density of the state was 103.69 kilometres per square kilometre (166.87 miles per square mile), higher than the national average of 74.7 km/km2 (120.2 mi/sq mi). The Bengal Sultanate was interrupted for twenty years by a Hindu uprising under Raja Ganesha. [150], The state's official languages are Bengali and English;[4] The Assembly is unicameral with 295 members, or MLAs,[99] including one nominated from the Anglo-Indian community. Simultaneously, some parts of the region were ruled by several Hindu states, and Baro-Bhuyan landlords, and part of it was briefly overrun by the Suri Empire. The growth rate was 13.35% in 2014–2015. Together with Bangladesh, it comprises of the ethnosemantic zone of Bengal. Although Mother Teresa worked in Kolkata (Calcutta), Christianity is a minority religion in Kolkata as well. [163], As of September 2017, of 125 towns and cities in Bengal, 76 have achieved open defecation free (ODF) status. Eden Gardens was one of only two 100,000-seat cricket stadiums in the world;[240] renovations before the 2011 Cricket World Cup reduced the capacity to 66,000. [27] Several Vedic realms were present in the Bengal region, including Vanga, Rarh, Pundravardhana and the Suhma Kingdom. All rights reserved. [33] The first recorded independent king of Bengal was Shashanka, who reigned in the early 7th century. [209] Buddha Purnima, which marks the birth of Gautama Buddha, is one of the most important Hindu/Buddhist festivals and is celebrated with much gusto in the Darjeeling hills. [4], West Bengal is religiously diverse, with regional cultural and religious specificities. He wrote the facts for his claim that Mamta has recognized more than 10,000 madrassas who have received funds from Saudi Arabia and made their degree eligible for a government job, money comes from Saudi and in those madrassas Wahhabi bigotry Is taught. more than 1.1 million are others and not stated religion. However, there has been a significant increase in food production since the 1980s and the state now has a surplus of grains. [95], The distribution of vegetation in northern West Bengal is dictated by elevation and precipitation. Many Questions from a Particular area in India came in Quora that, Is West Bengal becomes Bangladesh or Pakistan?. In West Bengal, until now, the only religion that really counted was being Bengali and Mamata was unabashedly that, singing Rabindrasangeet in the Vatican City, bullying Bengali cultural figures into running for election, and churning out Bengali poems almost at whim. [90], West Bengal is governed through a parliamentary system of representative democracy, a feature the state shares with other Indian states. [121], In September 2017, West Bengal achieved 100% electrification, after some remote villages in the Sunderbans became the last to be electrified. Fort William College was established in 1810. [98] The mangrove forest also acts as a natural fish nursery, supporting coastal fishes along the Bay of Bengal. Native Magahi speakers are found in Malda district. [83], West Bengal's climate varies from tropical savanna in the southern portions to humid subtropical in the north. Sensing opportunity, politicians are jumping into the fray. These are the districts where Hindus have become a minority, Next, Janet has written that Mamta has now even started sending terrorism supporters to Parliament. [223], There are several research institutes in Kolkata. [123] Many major industries such as the Uttarpara Hindustan Motors car manufacturing unit, the jute industry, and the Haldia Petrochemicals unit experienced shutdowns in 2014. Although Mother Teresa worked in Kolkata (Calcutta), Christianity is a minority religion in Kolkata as well. [217] In 1855 the Hindu College was renamed the Presidency College. Mosques, madrasas and khanqahs were built throughout these stages. Migratory birds come to the state during the winter. [122], In the period 2004–2010, the average gross state domestic product (GSDP) growth rate was 13.9% (calculated in Indian rupee terms) lower than 15.5%, the average for all states of the country. [94] The alluvial soil of the Gangetic plain, combined with favourable rainfall, makes this region especially fertile. There are schemes to distribute Muslim youth from free bicycle to laptop. Bengalis, consisting of Bengali Hindus, Bengali Muslims, Bengali Christians and a few Bengali Buddhists, comprise the majority of the population. Despite the Trinamool Congress government's efforts to forge a consensus on the name change resolution, the Indian National Congress, the Left Front and the Bharatiya Janata Party opposed the resolution. It has hosted many national and international sporting events like the SAF Games of 1987 and the 2011 FIFA friendly football match between Argentina and Venezuela featuring Lionel Messi. All are important cultural events. The University of Calcutta and Jadavpur University are prestigious technical universities. A brief history of migration in West Bengal. Some contemporary directors include veterans such as: Buddhadeb Dasgupta, Tarun Majumdar, Goutam Ghose, Aparna Sen, and Rituparno Ghosh, and a newer pool of directors such as Kaushik Ganguly and Srijit Mukherji. Vernacular newspapers such as those in Hindi, Nepali, Gujarati, Odia, Urdu and Punjabi are also read by a select readership. The Darjeeling Himalayan Hill region experiences a harsh winter, with occasional snowfall. Shyama Sangeet is a genre of devotional songs, praising the Hindu goddess Kali;[182] kirtan is devotional group songs dedicated to the god Krishna. [106] Each district is subdivided into sub-divisions, governed by a Sub-Divisional Magistrate, and again into blocks. One branch enters Bangladesh as the Padma, or Pôdda, while the other flows through West Bengal as the Bhagirathi River and Hooghly River. [185], West Bengali films are shot mostly in studios in the Kolkata neighbourhood of Tollygunge; the name "Tollywood" (similar to Hollywood and Bollywood) is derived from that name. [233] Private FM stations are available only in cities like Kolkata, Siliguri, and Asansol. He was also attacked several times in different cities of the country. [196] Common spices found in a Bengali kitchen include cumin, ajmoda (radhuni), bay leaf, mustard, ginger, green chillies and turmeric. [143], According to the provisional results of the 2011 national census, West Bengal is the fourth-most-populous state in India with a population of 91,347,736 (7.55% of India's population). 215 ] Kolkata has played a pioneering role non bengali population in west bengal the south, as of,. Hindu uprising under Raja Ganesha the next three decades of Vanga ( or )! And payesh are prepared during festivals such as Chaitanya, Ramakrishna, Prabhupada and Paramahansa.! 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