Alongside these exceptions, however, stricter penalties than those currently in place have been recommended in case of violation of the Act. Figure 1 shows the fluctuating trends in child labour over the 1971-2011 period and the sharp decline in the last decade. The business is a hospital or an institution for the mentally or physically ill, disabled or old; or any type of school. Had it ever been enacted, the proposed Twentieth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution would have granted Congress the power to regulate child labor. Should Child Participation in Reality TV shows be Banned? The Cabinet has made these exceptions within the blanket prohibition of child labour, considering the large number of children in India who help their parents in various activities, such as farming and handicrafts. Some fallacies behind child work in family occupations. According to Census 2001, out of 238.8 million children between the ages of five and 14, constituting about a quarter of India’s population, some 12.6 million (or five per cent of this age group) were working. Retrogressive Changes to Child Labour Act Should Be Withdrawn: Nina P. Nayak, The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy, May 27. ^ Rao, Jyoti . Real reasons please. order to present the struggles child laborers went through during the Victorian Era. "Magnitude of Child Labour in India: An Analysis of Official Sources of Data (Draft)." Therefore, legislative approaches alone cannot be effective and must be backed by strong enforcement and adequate regulatory and institutional capacity. There must be a coherent, multi-pronged approach with multiple ministries, agencies and private sector stakeholders coming together. Alongside, there must be focus on the quality of this education, on the retention of children in schools, and on the removal of adult illiteracy and on parental education which is associated with a reduced incidence of child labour. Although we do not have the latest data on the number of children occupied in hazardous industries based on the Census 2011 data, some estimates suggest that a sizeable number continue to work in banned occupations and processes. n.d. Census of India 2011. Negatives. Well, I have listed some positive sides of child labor below to explain you that why child labor might be a good thing and should not be banned completely. Estimates show that over 50% of the workers in some British factories in the early 1800s were under the age of 14. 1440 Words 6 Pages. Can Intermarriage Lead To An Increase In The Number Of Jews In America? (Rupa Chanda is a Professor of Economics and Sudeshna Ghosh is a Research Associate at the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore.). Policy Report No. They are exposed to the hazards of working with chemicals and machinery. Banerjie, A. Further, the existing provision of punishment for parents or guardians of the child being the same as that for the employer are to be altered with no punishment being applicable in case of a first offence. Child labour often involved children working in hazardous and dangerous conditions. The Child Labor Amendment would allow Congress to limit, regulate, and prohibit kids from working under the age of 18. On balance, however, our contention is that these proposed amendments may do very little to address the problem, unless accompanied by a range of other measures and conducive conditions to eradicate child labour and unless enforcement of existing legislation is improved. However, the expanded ban on child labour and the exceptions permitted for family enterprises and within certain time frames could also result in more illicit and unregulated forms of child labour and could be misused. There are currently 13 states which do not have a minimum age at which a child can shift into adult court, allowing for the prosecution of eight-year-olds into the adult corrections system. Luckily there have been organizations that have been formed to put a stop on this problem, such as the International Labor Organization. Pros of the Bil. During this time, going to school was considered a luxury. Eliminating harsh conditions and very young child labor was one of the key focuses of the FLSA. There has been a decline in this number over time. Table 1: Numbers of inspections, prosecutions and convictions under CLPRA, 2007-11, Source : Based on Government of India sources. INDUS Child Labour Project. Pros And Cons Of Child Labour. As the government statement put it, "…striking a balance between the need for education for a child and the reality of the socio-economic condition and social fabric in the country, the Cabinet has approved that a child can help his family or family enterprise, which is other than any hazardous occupation or process, after his school hours or during vacation." Accessed May 26, 2015. http://censusindia.gov.in/. This exception is based on an underlying premise that such occupations and activities are not harmful to child workers, not prone to abuse, that one can clearly delineate hazardous and non-hazardous activities. Much is contingent on proper enforcement of existing laws and provisions. Browning’s difference in tone coupled with her use of dark and light imagery paint a vivid image condemning child labor as an inhumane and exploitative source of labor that destroys childhood innocence…, The use of child labor has been used for a long time and is most seen in developing countries. The reasons advanced can be questioned. Thus, the proposed changes in the Child Labour Act permitting certain occupations, albeit outside school hours, to employ children have many potential loopholes, which could increase the vulnerability of child workers. "Children in India 2012 - A Statistical Appraisal." Copyright © 2021. Child Labour is cheap. A new definition of adolescent (ages 14 to 18) has also been introduced in the Bill, and employment of adolescents has been prohibited in hazardous occupations and processes. 7. However, cruel and unusual punishment, which is a protected against right by the eighth amendment, stretches far beyond these cliches and is still occurring in modern society. “Learn and earn” apprenticeship schemes can be considered both for adults and children with a focus on imparting vocational skills that enhance income and employment opportunities. I only have 25 mins left of the lesson Help! Ensuring Zero Tolerance for all Forms of Forced Labour, The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy, July 14. How justified is such a position which basically reiterates the age old belief that child labour is due to poverty? This premise can be questioned. As we all know, child labour is a much thought about topic, and we consider both the pros and cons of this topic, and yes, believe it or not there are cons, albeit not too many. The introduction of stiffer penalties and the specific reference to adolescents are also a step in the right direction. Legislation must also be supported by other measures, such as providing suitable alternatives for children, particularly with regard to inclusive educational facilities, and steps to sensitise employers, parents and society to ensure accountability in case there are violations. Younger minds are like sponges - children can learn in a few hours what it takes a young adult days and an older adult weeks to learn. Observed numbers may not reveal the full picture and, more importantly, the mere existence of legislation does not guarantee follow through and enforcement. Further, there may be adverse unforeseen consequences on the socio-economic front. 1440 Words 6 Pages. Help? To assess the likely implications of the proposed amendments, we must begin with an understanding of the incidence of child labour, trends, distribution of child labour across hazardous and non-hazardous activities and success with respect to detecting and addressing violations. Child Labour Pros And Cons - Yes, there are some cons! PROPOSED CHILD LABOUR (PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION) AMEDMENT BILL, 2012 Amidst the entire ruckus after the change in the government, we have seen many bills and amendment approved by the cabinet; one of them is the child labour (Prohibition and Regulation) act, 2012. ^ Government of India. Real reasons please. The proposed amendments to the Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation), Act, 1986 (CLPRA) ban employment of children below 14 years of age in all occupations and processes, while allowing work in non-hazardous family businesses, entertainment and sports activities (except circus) after school hours or during vacations, without compromising the safety and education of the working children. Firstly, the numbers themselves should be taken with some caution as most surveys tend to underestimate the number of child workers (especially girls) due to the non-coverage of household work. Pros And Cons Of The Child Labor Amendment. What are the implications? Child Labour Facts & Figures: An Analysis of Census 2001. 1. 18: Modern Day Slavery: A Study of Tribals and Dalits as Bonded Labour in Brick Kilns, https://www.thehinducentre.com/publications/policy-report/article31527561.ece/BINARY/Policy%20Report%20No_18.pdf, Retrogressive Changes to Child Labour Act Should Be Withdrawn: Nina P. Nayak. To conclude, any attempt to eradicate to child labour must recognise the complexity of the issue and must address the range of direct and indirect factors that contribute to this social evil. Accessed June 15, 2015. http://ncpcr.gov.in/view_file.php?fid=87. The debate about the amendment touched … United States 1924. Accessed May 26, 2015. http://censusindia.gov.in/. By making some forms of child labour permissible, the new amendments are likely to incentivise pulling these marginalised children out of education, thrust into work and subjected thereafter to a life of discrimination, exclusion and poverty in the long run. The main reason for our not so positive stance is based on the fact that child labour is a complex and multifaceted problem which is hard to capture in numbers and difficult to tackle through legislation alone, especially given the institutional and regulatory lacunae in our system. They were beaten for minor infractions and punished for being worked to exhaustion. 2. 2016. Child Labour is cheap. According to Census 2001, approximately 1.2 million children were working in banned occupations or processes, the most prevalent ones being bidi making and construction, as shown in Figure 2 below. The argument is that in keeping with the country’s socio-economic realities, in order to help impoverished families earn a living, certain types of child work have been permitted. [https://www.thehinducentre.com/the-arena/current-issues/article32043893.ece]. 1446 Words 6 Pages. In 1856 the Hindu Widow’s Marriage Act was given some other legislation regarding women in matters of marriage, adoption and inheritance are: 1. Had it ever been enacted, the proposed Twentieth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution would have granted Congress the power to regulate child labor.First proposed in 1922, the amendment was approved by both houses on 2 June 1924. American shoppers may not know it, but many of the name-brand products they purchase - from clothing to carpets to sports equipment - were made under appalling circumstances. If one adds to these numbers the fact that the inspected cases are likely to be only a fraction of the true extent of such violations, the share of actual cases of violation that are detected, inspected, reported and convicted is likely to be even smaller. The amendment is therefore timely to ensure that it is aligned to the current labour situation in Uganda where the informal sector is absolving majority of the labour force. For instance, merely providing access to education for children cannot be enough. 1318 Words 6 Pages. In the service sector, in segments such as hospitality, entertainment, family-owned shops and dhabas, child labour may similarly involve long working hours under duress, lifting of heavy loads and enduring verbal and physical abuse and other exploitative practices. 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