The sulphates of alkaline earth metals are all white solids. The alkali metal hydroxides form white crystals that are hygroscopic and readily soluble in water, generating large amounts of heat upon dissolution. Increasing order of Ionization Energy: Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs . Solubility: The solubility of the sulphates in water decreases down the groups i.e. Solubility or Hydration of Alkali Metal Ions. Their basic strength increases from LiOH to CsOH due to a corresponding decresae in the I.E., of the metal in a group,i.e., the order:- Any alkali metal, on coming in contact with air or oxygen, starts burning and oxides are formed in the process. At the end of the chemical reaction, lithium gives lithium monoxide (LiO), sodium gives sodium peroxide (Na 2 O 2), and other alkali metals give superoxides (that is, each alkali metal atom forms bonds with two oxygen atoms). Lithium-ion is the most soluble and the solubility decreases with increasing size so that Cesium ion is the least water-soluble alkali metal ion. 1, Binary Systems, Book 1, Moscow-Leningrad (1961), p. 94. Solubility in water is related to the ionic nature and size. Reaction with Oxygen. Examples: KOH, NaOH. Solubility and Stability of Alkali Metal Hydroxides All these hydroxides, except for lithium hydroxide, are highly water soluble and thermally stable. 1. ... Order of Solubility. 5. Amphoteric Hydroxides. Question 6. Solubility in water: Alkaline earth metal hydroxides are less soluble in water as compared to the alkali metal hydroxides. Properties of Sulphates of Alkali Earth Metals. When solubility of metal hydroxide in water is high, it gives a good alkaline solution due to complete dissociation of metal hydroxide compound for releasing of hydroxyl ions (OH-) into the water. The hydroxides are less basic than the corresponding alkali metal hydroxides because of higher ionization enthalpies , smaller ionic size and greater lattice energies. Because of high nuclear charge the ionization enthalpy of alkaline earth metals are higher than those of the corresponding alkali metals. Handbook of Solubility of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR [in Russian], Vol. Why does increasing charge density matter more for the hydration enthalpy compared to the lattice energy? Alkali metals hydroxides are very strong bases, highly soluble in water and are not decomposed on heating.However, LiOH decomposes on heating to give because latter is more stable than former. Be > Mg > Ca > Sr > Ba. The solubility increases down the column as the alkali metal ions become larger and the lattice enthalpies decrease. All alkali metals hydroxides … 2LiOH +Δ → Li 2 O + H 2 O Formation of Salts with Acids The highly basic reaction of alkali metals hydroxides with all acids results in the formation of salts. NaOH + HCI → NaCI + H 2 O Metal hydroxides such as \(\ce{Fe(OH)3}\) and \(\ce{Al(OH)3}\) react with acids and bases, and they are called amphoteric hydroxide.In reality, \(\ce{Al(OH)3}\) should be formulated as \(\ce{Al(H2O)3(OH)3}\), and this neutral substance has a very low solubility. Not all metal hydroxides behave the same way - that is precipitate as hydroxide solids. M (OH) 2 + H 2 SO 4 → MSO 4 + 2H 2 O MCO 3 + H 2 SO 4 → MSO 4 + CO 2 + H 2 O . Answer: (i) Ionization enthalpy. Completely soluble metal hydroxides in water Alkali Metals. I know that, solubility of alkaline earth metal hydroxides increases down the group and solubility of alkaline earth metal sulfates decreases down the group. 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