Therefore, in order to clear away the mists, in order to remove the impressions, in order to check the falsehoods that have clustered around this great subject, I want to tell you a few very simple things about the treaty and the covenant. They are all constructed upon the same plan. There is one thing that the American people always rise to and extend their hand to, and that is the truth of justice and of liberty and of peace. The tour's intense schedule8,000. There is no validity in a vote, either by the council or the assembly, in which we do not concur. My friends, on last Decoration Day[2] I went to a beautiful hillside near Paris, where was located the cemetery of Suresnes, a cemetery given over to the burial of the American dead. The whole specification of the method of settlement was written down and accepted beforehand, and we were architects building on those specifications. Available in hard copy and for download. There is the council, which consists of one representative from each of the principal allied and associated powersthat is to say, the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan, along with four other representatives of the smaller powers chosen out of the general body of the membership of the league. [4] And we did not stop with that. Hold a class debate or discussion around the idea that Wilsons crusade for a League of Nations has been redeemed by history. That is what gives very disturbing thoughts. The second sentence is that the council of the league shall advise what steps, if any, are necessary to carry out the guaranty of the first sentence, namely, that the members will respect and preserve the territorial integrity and political independence of the other members. George H.W. We have accepted that truth, and we are going to be led by it, and it is going to lead us, and, through us, the world out into pastures of quietness and peace such as the world has never dreamed of before. Then ask students to reflect on how Wilsons definition of a good speech compares to speeches given today by politicians. Patrick Buchanan, Heather Brook Adams University of Maryland The Bible at the Center of the Modern University. Patrick Buchanan, Heather Brook Adams Reflect, my fellow citizens, that the membership of this great league is going to include all the great fighting nations of the world, as well as the weak ones. Here in 1918 he outlined his famous Fourteen Points, the terms which he believed should be used as the basis for the peace treaty settling the First World War, which the United States had entered in April 1917 on the side of the Allies--Great Britain, France, Italy, and Russia. On Sept. 25, 1919, President Woodrow Wilson called on Coloradans to support the League of Nations in front of Pueblo's Memorial. There is no middle course. I carried those suggestions to Paris, and every one of them was adopted. But, you say, We have heard that we might be at a disadvantage in the League of Nations. Well, whoever told you that either was deliberately falsifying or he had not read the Covenant of the League of Nations. I ordered their sons oversea. He will be afraid of their judgment of his character. Behind me on the slopes was rank upon rank of living American soldiers, and lying before me upon the levels of the plain was rank upon rank of departed American soldiers. Albert Beveridge Relevant Common Core State Standards for English/Language Arts. [14] Former Colorado Governor Alva Adams introduced Wilson. That was not because the Government of the United States was not in the hands of high-minded and conscientious men. [10] You have heard a great dealsomething that was true and a great deal that was falseabout that provision of the treaty which hands over to Japan the rights which Germany enjoyed in the Province of Shantung in China. It always seems to make it difficult for me to say anything, my fellow citizens, when I think of my clients in this case. I ask you this: If it is not an absolute insurance against war, do you want no insurance at all? It was. Shawn J. Parry-Giles Has it provided at least some insurance against war? You can not go in on a special-privilege basis of your own. And every point of interest is covered, partly for one very interesting reason. I ask you. George W. Bush I take it that you are too proud to ask to be exempted from responsibilities which the other members of the league will carry. Kalen M. A. Churcher, Voices of Democracy: The U.S. Oratory Project I would have felt very much disturbed if, sitting at the peace table in Paris, I had supposed that I was expounding my own ideas. The speech is sometimes considered to have been a moving performance, but has also been noted for its attacks on "hyphenated Americans". In a 1979 review of the play, a critic for The Washington Post described Wilson's vision of world peace that was presented in the Pueblo speech as "highly unpresidential, rather foolish, and yet genuinely moving."[27]. Patricia Bizzell That is what gives very disturbing thoughts. The second sentence is that the council of the League shall advise what steps, if any, are necessary to carry out the guaranty of the first sentence, namely, that the members will respect and preserve the territorial integrity and political independence of the other members. Not against internal disturbance. Ella Baker You do not need to be told again that the Covenant expressly says that nothing in this covenant shall be construed as affecting the validity of the Monroe doctrine, for example. Kathleen L. Wolgemuth, "Woodrow Wilson and Federal Segregation," The Journal of Negro HistoryVol. Wilson Square was established in the late 1920s as the main center of the newly formed district, and one of the star-shaped squares that sprang up all over Warsaw. Article ten provides that every member of the league covenants to respect and preserve the territorial integrity and existing political independence of every other member of the league as against external aggression. Recognizing the strength of his opposition, Wilson took his case to the people, touring the United States to gain support for the Treaty. [1] In 1990 the original name was restored. They were not my points. I ask you this: If this is not an absolute insurance against war, do you want no insurance at all? 1900-1940 Religion & Morality in Public Life In every one of them I was conscientiously trying to read the thought of the people of the United States, and after I uttered those points, I had every assurance given me that could be given me that they did speak the moral judgment of the United States and not my single judgment. The assembly was created in order that anybody that purposed anything wrong would be subjected to the awkward circumstance that everybody could talk about it. The power of the League, or rather the activities of the league, lie in two bodies. Woodrow Wilson. I asked the foreign relations committees of both houses to come to the White House, and we spent a long evening in the frankest discussion of every portion that they wished to discuss. He goes on and says this: The nations should agree on certain rights that should not be questioned, such as territorial integrity, their right to deal with their domestic affairs, and with such matters as whom they should admit to citizenship. Just so soon as the calm judgment of the world is directed upon the question of justice to labor, labor is going to have a forum such as it never was supplied with before, and men everywhere are going to see that the problem of labor is nothing more nor less than the problem of the elevation of humanity. You could not be more explicit than that. On 3 February 1917, President Wilson addressed Congress to announce that diplomatic relations with Germany were severed. I had a couple of friends who were in the habit of losing their tempers, and when they lost their tempers they were in the habit of using very unparliamentary language. "[5], Mark Stein's play Mr. Wilson's Peace of Mind includes a fragment of the speech. I brought it to this country in March last in a tentative, provisional form, in practically the form that it now has, with the exception of certain additions which I shall mention immediately. Wilsons speech at Pueblo was the culmination of an ambitious and controversial speaking tour on behalf of the League of Nations and the Versailles Treaty. Does it not evidently follow that the League of Nations can adopt no policy whatever without the consent of the United States? Susan B. Anthony In those circumstances I crossed the ocean under bond to my own people and to the other governments with which I was dealing. Well you come to the heart of the Covenant, my fellow citizens, you will find it in article ten, and I am very much interested to know that the other things have been blown away like bubbles. [3] Do not think of this treaty of peace as merely a settlement with Germany. That is explicitly stated in the Covenant itself. Letter to the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Lansings Memorandum of the Cabinet Meeting. "[20][21], Although Wilson was scheduled to speak at least five more times on the tour, after delivering his speech in Pueblo he was described as "very tired and suffering". "writer's cramp." Looking back on Wilson's medical history with a century of hindsight and knowledge, later experts would presume an occlusion of his left middle cerebral artery. In other words, they consent, no matter what happens, to submit every matter of difference between them to the judgment of mankind, and just so certainly as they do that, my fellow citizens, war will be in the far background, war will be pushed out of that foreground of terror in which it has kept the world for generation after generation, and men will know that there will be a calm time of deliberate counsel. Because they believe that their boys died for something that vastly transcends any of the immediate and palpable objects of the war. delivered 25 Sept 1919 in Pueblo, CO. click for pdf . If I can catch any man with a hyphen in this great contest, I will know that I have caught an enemy of the Republic. There is nothing in the other contentions with regard to the league of nations, but there is something in article ten that you ought to realize and ought to accept or reject. I, for my part, have a profound sympathy for China, and I am proud to have taken part in an arrangement which promises the protection of the world to the rights of China. Which group below was most likely to challenge the Selective Service Act? The exhausted Wilson collapsed during his speech, suffering either a mild stroke or a nervous breakdown. On January 10, 1920, forty-one nations became founding members of the League of Nations. They were all of them unjust to China, they ought never to have been exacted, they were all exacted by duress from a great body of thoughtful and ancient and helpless people. In every one of them I was conscientiously trying to read the thought of the people of the United States, and after I uttered those points I had every assurance given me that could be given me that they did speak the moral judgment of the United States and not my single judgment. Have students identify a major speech on the War on Terror delivered by Presidents Trump, Obama, or Bush since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and evaluate the coverage of that speech in one major national newspaper (e.g. Has the United Nations worked as Wilson envisioned? They come from many origins, but they are all shot through with the same principles and desire the same righteous and honest things. Right by the side of the stand where I spoke there was a little group of French women who had adopted those graves, had made themselves mothers of those dear ghosts by putting flowers every day upon those graves, taking them as their own sons, their own beloved, because they had died in the same causeFrance was free and the world was free because America had come! Now, read articles ten and eleven. It was the last of a series of speeches he gave advocating American entry into the League of Nations. The covenant in another portion guarantees to the members the independent control of their domestic question. I had a couple of friends who were in the habit of losing their tempers, and when they lost their tempers they were in the habit of using very unparliamentary language. He was born in Newark and grew up in . Woodrow Wilson In this famous speech before Congress, January 8, 1918, near the end of the First World War, President Wilson laid down fourteen points as the "only possible" program for world peace. WOODROW WILSON, "THE PUEBLO SPEECH" (25 SEPTEMBER 1919) [1] Mr. Chairman and fellow countrymen, it is with a great deal of genuine pleasure that I find myself in Pueblo, and I feel it a compliment that I should be permitted to be the first speaker in this beautiful hall. Indeed, she earned more than she can ever be able to pay for, and the punishment exacted of her is not a punishment greater than she can bear, and it is absolutely necessary in order that no other nation may ever plot such a thing against humanity and civilization. Maegan Parker Brooks You do not need to be told again that the covenant expressly says that nothing in this covenant shall be construed as affecting the validity of the Monroe doctrine, for example. the whole international practice of the world is revolutionized. In the first place, Germany did not enjoy any rights there that other nations had not already claimed. [1] Mr. Chairman and fellow countrymen, it is with a great deal of genuine pleasure that I find myself in Pueblo, and I feel it a compliment that I should be permitted to be the first speaker in this beautiful hall. The treaty with Hungary follows the same lines. It was the last of a series of speeches he gave advocating American entry into the League of Nations. The prescription for the 39-year old Wilson was a break from the pressures he Is a speaker ever justified in waving the bloody shirt? Does it not evidently follow that the league of nations can adopt no policy whatever without the consent of the United States? We go in upon equal terms or we do not go in at all; and if we do not go in, my fellow citizens, think of the tragedy of that resultthe only sufficient guaranty of the peace of the world withheld! It is a very simple organization. I leave him the choice. the. Reject this treaty, impair it, and this is the consequence to the laboring men of the world, that there is no international tribunal which can bring the moral judgments of the world to bear upon the great labor questions of the day. I leave him the choice. I have gained a renewed impression as I have crossed the continent this time of the homogeneity of this great people to whom we belong. It is true of the passions of men however you combine them. Woodrow Wilson's tenure as the 28th president of the United States lasted from 4 March 1913 until 4 March 1921. Every man regards his own advice as best, and I dare say every man mixes his own advice with some thought of his own interest. They believe that wrapped up with the liberty of the world is the continuous protection of that liberty by the concerted powers of all civilized people. The whole international practice of the world is revolutionized. Do you want nothing? Photograph: Corbis. What was Dr. Seuss's first published book? . [7] A contemporary newspaper described the crowd as "a great many", noting that attendance at the Colorado State Fair was much higher as people turned out to hear Wilson speak. "[19], One of the most famous lines from the speech attacked "hyphenated Americans",[16] saying "Any man who carries a hyphen about with him carries a dagger that he is ready to plunge into the vitals of this Republic whenever he gets the chance. They, therefore, demanded and obtained promises that we could continue to sell merchandise in Shantung. Citizenship & Civic Identity This is not the first time that the Foreign Relations Committee of the Senate of the United States has read and considered this covenant. I had gone over there with, so to say, explicit instructions. There is no middle course. William Apess It always seems to make it difficult for me to say anything, my fellow citizens, when I think of my clients in this case. The arrangements of justice do not stand of themselves, my fellow citizens. Yet article ten strikes at the taproot of war. "[26] The scholar J. Michael Hogan, in his book on Wilson's tour, noted that Wilson "lashed out" at critics of his plan and feels that it "betrayed" Wilson's principles, threatened to destroy bipartisan support, and "foreshadowed some of the worst tendencies of the modern rhetorical presidency. That was not because the Government of the United States was not in the hands of high-minded and conscientious men. Bush Article ten is the heart of the whole matter. Here is something I want to read from Theodore Roosevelt: The one effective move for obtaining peace is by an agreement among all the great powers in which each should pledge itself not only to abide by the decisions of a common tribunal but to back its decisions by force. [25] The historian Thomas A. Bailey considered it "the high point of the entire trip". Then when it came to that critical period just a little less than a year ago, when it was evident that the war was coming to its critical end, all the nations engaged in the war accepted those fourteen principles explicitly as the basis of the armistice and the basis of the peace. As Hogan noted in his VOD essay on the Pueblo speech, Wilson studied the great orators of British and American history and published a number of works on oratory and debate in American politics. Why does the issue of immigration seem to arise at times when there are also concerns over national security? So much for the statements about the six votes of the British Empire. Department of Communication 44, No. What is article 10? Woodrow Wilson launched his presidential campaign with a Labor Day address in Buffalo, New York, on September 2, 1912.When he failed to win his party's nomination, Theodore Roosevelt had bolted the Republican party and ran as a Bull Moose Progressive, promising a program of broad reform action. Diane M. Blair It may be that that will impair somewhat the vigor of the League, but, nevertheless, the fact is so, that we are not obliged to take any advice except our own, which to any man who wants to go his own course is a very satisfactory state of affairs. That is the fundamental principle of this great settlement. He will be afraid of the eyes of his neighbors. And I want to sayI cannot say it too oftenany man who carries a hyphen about with him carries a dagger that he is ready to plunge into the vitals of this Republic whenever he gets ready. Is not Canada more likely to agree with the United States than with Great Britain? Kicking Bear [24] Historian John Milton Cooper notes that the speech represents "the closing lines of one of the greatest speaking careers in American history. "Of the Sons of Master and Man," from The Souls of "Of the Faith of the Fathers," from The Souls of B "Of the Sorrow Songs," from The Souls of Black Fol "The Afterthought," from The Souls of Black Folk. It is that. . Media coverage of Wilsons Western tour was limited to newspaper accounts, many of which provided full texts of Wilsons speeches on the tour and extensive front-page coverage. Article 10 provides that every member of the league covenants to respect and preserve the territorial integrity and existing political independence of every other member of the league as against external aggression. Canada has a speaking part. How Woodrow Wilson's War Speech to Congress Changed Him - and the Nation. Telegram, From AmEmbassy Tripoli to Dept. 2130 Skinner Building Article 10 is the heart of the whole matter. "[17] William Allen White, an early biographer of Wilson, described him as crying while he gave the speech. He left Denver at 11:00a.m. for Pueblo, Colorado. [1] Completely genuine and sincere; the expression is based on a character in an 18th century play who had to prove he was who he said he was. What more could have been obtained? We go in upon equal terms or we do not go in at all; and if we do not go in, my fellow citizens, think of the tragedy of that resultthe only sufficient guaranty to the peace of the world withheld! Right by the side of the stand where I spoke there was a little group of French women who had adopted those graves, had made themselves mothers of those dear ghosts by putting flowers every day upon those graves, taking them as their own sons, their own beloved, because they had died in the same causeFrance was free and the world was free because America had come! All along the line, every suggestion of the United States was adopted after the covenant had been drawn up in its first form and had been published for the criticism of the world. Senate approval of the League of Nations was Wilsons primary goal in this speech. President Woodrow Wilson collapsed after addressing a crowd in Pueblo, Colorado, on this day in 1919. 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