The concepts of a critical period and an internal working model. attachment and Bowlby's monotropic theory of attachment. Rosalind Geillis 2 Comments. The concepts of a critical period and an internal working model. Lorenz got a group of geese eggs and split them into two groups; one incubator group which saw . Animal studies of attachment: Lorenz and Harlow. 32 *32* 1 1 Outline how Lorenz AND Harlow studied attachment using animals. Konrad Lorenz's Imprinting Theory. Attachment Flashcards | Chegg.com Lorenz did a study investigating imprinting in geese. The use of animals within much of the research supporting the attachment theory is also one of its main limitations. At the time in which he conducted his experiments Harlow was frustrated at other psychologists shunning psychological research into love. Explanations - AS Psychology Stages of attachment identified by Schaffer. For example, the ethology Konrad Lorenz's (1981) study using geese and Harlow (1958) study using rhesus macaque monkeys. (Total 4 marks) Q4. This evaluation point highlights an important question in the use of animals in psychological research. OUTLINE AND EVALUATE ANIMAL STUDIES OF ATTACHMENT A01 One animal. Animal studies: Lorenz & Harlow • Many animals show attachment behaviour. Remember, when outlining a study, in order to achieve the highest possible AO1 marks, it is important that your description is both accurate and detailed! He took a large clutch of goose eggs and kept them until they were about to . (Total 4 marks) Q3. Ethics of Harlow's Study >Ethics of Harlow's Study. 1. Q1. Explanations of attachment: learning theory and Bowlby's monotropic theory. 03 Attachment Topic Essays Digital Download.pdf - Page 2 ... Lorenz had two groups of goslings for his study; one group was hatched with him, and the other group of geese were hatched in an incubator with their biological mother. In many animals, attachments based on familiarity form during a critical period-an optimal period when certain events must take place to facilitate proper development (Bornstein, 1989). Studies - Psychology Revision AQA A Outline and Evaluate Animal Studies of Attachment ... Possible content: PDF Animal Studies of Attachment Mark Scheme Q1. - PMT and so important for future development." 1 2 Discuss the learning theory of attachment AND Bowlby's . 2. Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. Lorenz (1952) Lorenz's research suggests that organisms have a biological propensity to form attachments to one single subject. [6 marks] 33 *33* [Turn over] 34 *34* Two mothers at the toddler and parent group are chatting. For example, a question that asks students to 'outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals' should focus on providing an outline of how they studied attachment using. . 0 1 Outline what is meant by 'agentic state' as an explanation for obedience. Wundt believed that the mind could be broken down into constituent elements (Reductionism), and these would be . 14 *14* IB/G/Jun18/7182/1 Do not write outside the Lorenz conducted a study using a clutch of geese. Caregiver-infant interactions in humans: reciprocity and interactional synchrony. (4 marks) A strength of conducting this study using geese is that siblings can be compared easily to reduce individual differences, which would not be possible with humans. knowledge to a short exam question and 16 mark essay question into animal research. (Total 8 marks) 37 € In an experimental study of attachment, a psychologist selected 40 young children. Types of attachment: secure, insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant. This revision quiz explores the following aspects of Attachment: Animal studies of attachment: Lorenz and Harlow. (6 marks) . Animal studies of attachment have been carried out to help develop an understanding of the processes involved in human attachment. evaluate research into the effects of failure to form attachment. Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. The geese imprinted on the first living thing they saw, Lorenz proved this by placing all the geese together with . • discussion of use of findings from animal studies in this area, e.g. There is some appropriate use of specialist terminology. Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment. Harlow studied eight infant monkeys were studied for 165 days. Animal studies of attachment: Lorenz and Harlow. Attachment Caregiver-infant Interactions. attachment Outline and evaluate Lorenz and Harlow's studies, discussing what they show about attachment Outline and evaluate various studies into attachment including Ainsworth and Van Ijzendoom Discuss the impact of early disruption to attachment on later relationships with reference to Bowlby's maternal deprivation Key Technical Vocabulary Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. Examiner style comments: Mark band 4 This essay demonstrates an exceptionally clear understanding of two relevant animal studies in attachment. Add to cart. A meta-analysis of the findings of 32 studies of attachment behaviour including over 2,000 classifications in 8 different countries. Outline one explanation of forgetting. 14 *14* IB/G/Jun18/7182/1 Do not write outside the Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. Title: As level psychology (attachment) all 16 markers Description: these notes contains all the possible 16 mark questions on attachment full answered: 16 marks: Discuss caregiver-infant interaction in human including reciprocity and interactional synchrony. They both sought to investigate & measure 'attachment' between a mother and infant, Harlow using animals with in his research and Ainsworth using infants. . [2 marks] 5 . The findings from research by Harlow and Bowlby led to pioneering work by Mary Ainsworth on infant-mother attachments and attachment theory in infants. •in Harlow's research the young monkeys attached to the soft cloth surrogate mother (spent more time clinging to her). Research evidence, such as that of Harlow's monkey study, opposes the idea of learning theory as an explanation of attachment. (Lorenz study and Harlows study) £2.99. Describe and evaluate animal studies into attachment. •in Lorenz's study, the geese imprinted before they were fed and these attachments were maintained regardless of who fed them. implications . Two key animal studies are named by the AQA specification: Lorenz's research with goslings and Harlow's study of infant rhesus monkeys. The findings from Lorenz’s research (as outlined below) offers support for the idea that infants have an attachment gene and that they imprint on a caregiver not long . The sensitive period section of the theory also has evidence to support it. This process suggests that attachment is innate and programmed genetically. Animal studies of attachment: Lorenz and Harlow. When the eggs hatched he imitated the mother's quacking sound and the baby geese . Credit should be awarded for any valid study of attachment (including imprinting research) in animals. Level: AS, A Level. Influenced by classic animal studies of Lorenz and Harlow. Evaluate the use of non-human animals, such as the baby geese used by Lorenz, to investigate human attachment theories. To . Multiple attachments and the role of the father. € C Harry Harlow € € D Karl Lorenz € . Outline how Lorenz studied attachment using animals. Condition 1: left to hatch with mother (control group) Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. Maccoby - defining attachment. Together, these studies produced groundbreaking empirical evidence for the primacy of the parent-child attachment relationship and the importance of maternal touch in infant development. Outline one or more studies that have investigated cultural variations in attachment. Lorenz (1935) AIM: to investigate the mechanisms of imprinting, where the young follow and form attachment to the first large, moving object they meet. Outline . Attachment is a reciprocal (two-way) bond between two individuals. Animal studies of attachment past exam questions. (Total 6 marks) Q5. Improinting is when new-born creature bonds to thetype of animals it meets at birth and begins to pattern its behaviour after them. Finally, in Question . He split them into two groups; with Lorenz and with the mother so when they hatched that was the first living thing they saw. Outline the procedure used in one study of animal attachment. (Total 16 marks) Q3. one. Learn faster with spaced repetition. Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment. Animal studies of attachment. You should also be able to comment on this under AO2 and AO3 Describe, outline, and apply the concept of a critical period and an Outline and evaluate Bowlby's explanation of attachment. The two main examples are the research into imprinting by Konrad Lorenz and Harlow's research using rhesus monkeys. Outline Bowlby's theory of attachment, include reference to the critical period and internal working models. 4. Harry Harlow produced a shocking and influential piece of research during the 1950s and 1960s that he labelled 'The Nature of Love' (Harlow, 1958). One gets a glimpse of the germ of attachment theory in John Bowlby's 1944 article, "Forty-Four Juvenile Thieves: Their Character and Home-Life," published in the International Journal of Psychoanalysis.Using a combination of case studies and statistical methods (novel at the time for psychoanalysts) to examine the precursors of delinquency, Bowlby arrived at his initial empirical insight . Monotropic theory - infants have an innate tendency to make an attachment with one attachment figure, usually the mother. Poorer cognitive development. [6 marks] . Harlow experimented with rhesus monkeys, an Asian species that's assimilates to living with humans easily. What the spec says: Animal studies of attachment: Lorenz and Harlow. "I always . AQA Psychology A level Attachment - Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment (16 marks) What the spec says: Animal studies of attachment: Lorenz and Harlow. Harlow's monkey study involved giving a baby monkey the choice of either food or comfort (food was portrayed by a wire 'monkey' with a feeding bottle attached to it and comfort was portrayed by a wire 'monkey' covered . One surrogate was wire and dispensed food, the other was cloth covered and did not dispense food. (4 marks) Lorenz used animal studies to research into imprinting. . More than 70 years later, Harlow's discoveries continue to inform the scientific understanding of the fundamental building blocks of human behavior. Attachment. Likely studies include: Harlow (1958, 1959); Lorenz (1935); Sluckin (1961); Bateson Poorer physical development. Ainsworth's 'Strange Situation'. An Evaluation of Harlow's Monkey Studies. Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. Attachment therefore does not develop as a result of feeding. Evaluate. Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment 16 marks. (Lorenz study and Harlows study) Preview 1 out . Briefly discuss one limitation of using animals to study attachment in humans. Michael Rutter (1972) wrote a book called Maternal Deprivation Re-assessed. April 3, 2017. (Total 4 marks) Q3. animal research into attachment. 9x sold. This required an outline of 'how' Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. None of this material was relevant to the question. The answer as a Wilhelm Wundt, "the founding father" of psychology was the first to clarify the difference between physiology and psychology ; psychology being the study of conscious experience. Two of the most well-known animal studies were conducted by Konrad Lorenz and Harry Harlow. Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment 16 marks. Discuss Bowlby's maternal deprivation theory. The purpose of the study was to examine their behavior in the laboratory to confirm Bowlby's attachment theory. *26* 0 8 Outline ONE explanation of . Lorenz (1935) investigated the mechanisms of imprinting, where some species of animals form an attachment to the first large moving object that they meet. He divided several gosling eggs randomly into two groups; one half remained with the mother and could hatch naturally (control group) whilst the other . (16 marks) Lorenz conducted an experiment where he divided goose eggs into two batches. • Animal studies have helped psychologists explain why humans make attachments. Briefly discuss one limitation of using animals to study attachment in humans. Harlow and difficulty of generalising across species. Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. He took geese eggs and kept them until they hatched. AQA Psychology A level Social Influence - Explanations for obedience. Key Exam Tip!! (6 marks) I would suggest an exemplar answer to this question to be:Lorenz studied imprinting in goslings by dividing the eggs from a mother, hatching, and rearing them in different environments. In order to ensure that you include all the necessary details when you are describing a study, make sure you outline the studies AIM, PEOCEDURE, FINDINGS and CONCLUSION (the APFC method). Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. Specifically, she developed an alternative method to study child-parent attachments, using the 'strange situation procedure': The parent and child are placed together in an unfamiliar room. these notes contains all the possible 16 mark questions on attachment full answered: 16 marks: Discuss caregiver-infant interaction in human including reciprocity and interactional synchrony. Lorenz used Greylag goose eggs and randomly divided them into two groups. Attachment theory: Harlow's experiment with rhesus monkeys. Board: AQA, OCR. Harlow's work has been criticized. Briefly discuss one limitation of using animals to study attachment in humans. (6 Marks) (A2) Lorenz and Harlow both conducted animal experiments to ascertain the attachment levels in attachment. This is essentially a full 16-mark question which is all you need for the exam, you can also use it to answer all 4,6,8, 12 mark questions in the exam all you have to do is break it down. This is essentially a full 16-mark question which is all you need for the exam, you can also use it to answer all 4,6,8, 12 mark questions in the exam all you have to do is break it down. 4.1.3 Attachment. • Animal studies have also helped psychologists understand the effects of a lack of attachment bonds in early childhood on child development and adult behaviour. One of the most famous - or infamous - animal studies was conducted in the 1950s and '60s by Harry Harlow.Harlow experimented on rhesus monkeys and wanted to learn more about the nature of love and the attachment between a child and its mother. . Researcher A found that young animals seemed to attach for comfort rather than for food. 2. Minor detail is sometimes lacking or there is slight inaccuracy. Half were left with the mother goose, half were hatched in an incubator with Lorenz. most often misread by students was Question 11. Here's a lesson plan for the topic. Four of which received milk from a wore mother, and four from a cloth mother. Lorenz - attachment in animals, "imprinting" suggests critical period. OR one researcher at Level 3. [4 marks] . Outline and Evaluate Animal Studies of Attachment. Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment. Outline . . 1 mark for limited/muddled outline. (Total 12 marks) Q2. (6 marks) Lorenz and Harlow studied animals as a way to find out about attachments. It is proposed that attachment has derived through natural selection and is a process of nature. Improving the accuracy of eyewitness testimony, including the use of the cognitive interview. Humans aren't precocial meaning the findings can't be . Harlow experimented with rhesus monkeys, an Asian species that's assimilates to living with humans easily. I understand that one involves 'imprinting' and the other used surrogate mothers (inanimate) to understand attachments using non-human animals. However the vast majority of answers included findings and implications of findings, and some even included evaluation of the studies. ATTACHMENT Answer ALL questions in this section. [16 marks] You may use this space to plan your answer. evaluate research into the effects of failure to form attachment. Twenty of the children were in nursery care for five days a week and the other 20 children were cared for full-time by their mothers. OUTLINE AND EVALUATE ANIMAL STUDIES OF ATTACHMENT A01 One animal study conducted into attachment was by Lorenz who demonstrated how imprinting occurred within the animal world. Klaus and Kennel - importance of early physical contact on attachment strength. 16 marks: describe and evaluate stages of attachment identified by Schaffer 16 marks: Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment including Lorenz and Harlow. Attachment in everyday life. Two of the most well-known animal studies were conducted by Konrad Lorenz and Harry Harlow. first group stayed with mother and second group placed in incubator and Lorenz was the first thing they saw. Animal Studies of Attachment. Lorenz split a large clutch of greylag goose eggs into two batches. Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment. [6 marks] Lorenz - split 2 groups of goose eggs. Attachment theory: Harlow's experiment with rhesus monkeys. Lorenz, animal studies of attachment: Lorenz’s research investigates the Evolutionary Explanation of attachment suggesting that infants are pre-programmed to form an attachment from the second that they are born. Outline findings from research into the role of the father in attachment. Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment. The control group was hatched naturally by the mother the other were placed in an incubator where Lorenz made sure he was the first large moving object they saw so they imprinted on Lorenz. attachment and Bowlby's monotropic theory of attachment. A01: The evolutionary theory of attachment was proposed by Bowlby (1969) who suggested that attachment was important for our survival and that infants are born with an innate tendency to form an attachment that serves to increase their chance of survival. One batch was hatched naturally by the mother and the second batch were placed in an incubator, with Lorenz making sure he was the first large moving object that the goslings saw after hatching. limitation of using animals to study attachment in humans. "I always felt sorry . animal research into attachment. Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals (6) Lorenz - randomly divided greylag goose eggs into two batches. Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals - Harlow. This is essentially a full 16-mark question which is all you need for the exam, you can also use it to answer all 4,6,8, 12 mark questions in the exam all you have to do is break it down. Outline how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. and . Reciprocity: The idea that attachments are interactional, and that mothers and infant initiate and respond to each other in a meaningful way. Half of the eggs were raised with their mother in their natural environment, the other half were hatched in an incubator . Explanations of attachment: learning theory and Bowlby's monotropic theory. This is essentially a full 16-mark question which is all you need for the exam, you can also use it to answer all 4,6,8, 12 mark questions in the exam all you have to do is break it down. For a more detailed outline view the separate pages above. Discuss Wundt's Role in the emergence of psychology. 16 marks: describe and evaluate stages of attachment identified by Schaffer 16 marks: Outline and evaluate animal studies of attachment . Using animals to study attachment can benefit children that are most at risk in society, can also have later economic implications as those children are more likely to grow up to be productive members of society. Challenge: To describe the . [2 marks] Marks for this question: AO1 = 2 2 marks for a clear and coherent outline. . Briefly outline and evaluate Lorenz animal studies. of animal research and what it has taught us about attachment. Lorenz (1952) Lorenz's research suggests that organisms have a biological propensity to form attachments to one single subject. 1 1-2 There is limited knowledge of how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals. Studies - Psychology Revision AQA A. The purpose of the study was to examine their behavior in the laboratory to confirm Bowlby's attachment theory. and . Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. The outline knowledge is accurate and detailed, striking a balance between the two Ainsworth's 'Strange Situation'. Harlow raised the monkeys without a mother, providing them instead with a "wire mother" and a "cloth mother". Lorenz conducted an experiment in which goslings were hatched either with their mother or in an incubator. The most likely studies are: Belsky (1988) more than 20 hours … Maternal Deprivation. (3) £2.99. . Some knowledge of how Lorenz and Harlow studied attachment using animals is present but there may be some detail missing / lack of clarity. [16 marks] You may use this space to plan your answer. Researcher B found that mobile newborn animals would follow the first large moving object that they saw. (Total 6 marks) Q7. Outline Lorenz's (1935) procedure? MARK SCHEME - A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY - 7182/1 - JUNE 2018 4 Section A - Social Influence 0 1 Outline what is meant by 'agentic state' as an explanation for obedience. Harry Harlow was motivated by scientist such as Bowlby (1970) and Konrad Lorenz (1952) and their evolutionary theory & ethological research; Lorenz believed that 'attachment' evolved . Outline one explanation of forgetting. apply. Study Animal Studies Of Attachment: Lorenz And Harlow flashcards from Brydie service 's class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. [Turn over] 32 *32* 1 1 Outline how Lorenz AND Harlow studied attachment using animals. Describe, outline, apply and evaluate animal studies of attachment, especially Lorenz and Harlow Outline, describe, and explain explanations of of attachment: learning theory and owlby [s monotropic theory. Both get something out of the interaction, for example pleasure . Unit 1: Developmental Psychology Two parts 1. PROCEDURE: Clutch of eggs divided into 2 halves. Types of attachment: secure, insecure-avoidant and insecure resistant. Pay attention to the command term and the content words. Harlow studied rhesus monkeys reared in a controlled environment with 2 mother surrogates present. This is a list of studies and what they relate to. In this context, the bond between a parent (usually the mother) and their child. Briefly discuss . Hodges and Tizard (1989) studied a group of 65 British children, who had lived in an institution since being four months old, up to the age of 16. [6 marks] 33 *33* [Turn over] 34 *34* Two mothers at the toddler and parent group are chatting. Outline and evaluate research into the effects of failure to form attachment . Half the eggs were placed with the mother, and half were kept by Lorenz's side for several hours. What the spec says: Animal studies of attachment: Lorenz and Harlow. 11. (Lorenz study and Harlows study) Whoops, something went wrong. One batch hatch naturally with the mother, the other batch hatched in an incubator with Lorenz making sure that he was the first moving object the goslings encountered. . Initial Attachment. Lorenz conducted an experiment in which goslings were hatched either with their mother or in an incubator. . For goslings, ducklings, or chicks, that period falls in the hours shortly after hatching, when the firs t moving object they see is normally their mother. September 7, 2016. The following aspects of attachment broken down into constituent elements ( Reductionism ), and that and... 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