Historically it was called mongoloidism, and people with it were called Mongoloids; this is now considered offensive. They may include: Slurred speech. NCDJ Recommendation: The term non-disabled and the phrases does not have a disability or is not living with a disability are more neutral choices. But why does their speech get sloppier? If you have two or more seizures or a tendency to have recurrent seizures, you have epilepsy. Background: Catatonia is a state in which a person does not move and does not respond to others. The guide was developed by the National Center on Disability and Journalism at Arizona State Universitys Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication and was last updated in the summer of 2021. NCDJ Recommendation: When writing about Tiffany Yus group, use Diversability as a proper name. But note that there is no universal agreement on the use of these terms not even close. To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. Should a story about residents complaining about noisy airplanes flying over their houses note that one of the residents who is complaining uses a wheelchair? The American Psychiatric Association offers a useful media guide of appropriate terms. AP style:Not directly addressed, although the style book recommends avoiding using disability-related words lightly or in unrelated situations. Refrain from using the term trigger warning in a flip or casual way. Brain damage. There is debate about when someone with a chronic illness is considered to have a disability. To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using lame or lamebrain to describe a person except in a quote. Background: Hospitals that cared for people with various mental illnesses, often for long periods of time, were once commonly referred to as insane asylums. The term functional needs is preferred when a term is required. Background: A deformity is a condition in which part of the body does not have the typical or expected shape, according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary. In addition to their cognitive component, many types of dementia include physical symptoms, such as the abnormal eye movements of Huntingtons disease or the tremors associated with Parkinsons disease. It is considered highly derogatory to describe someone with Down syndrome as being mongoloid.. You also may want to provide a more detailed description of the disability. For a long time, it simply meant slow. Earwax buildup (cerumen) can occlude sound from passing through to the middle ear. Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cued speech is a building block that helps children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing better understand spoken languages. Its a series of hand signs and spots near the mouth used to differentiate between sounds that look the same as one is mouthing them. Many people prefer people-first language, such as a person with schizophrenia or a person diagnosed with schizophrenia rather than a schizophrenic or a schizophrenic person. Do not use the word schizophrenic colloquially as a synonym for something inconsistent or contradictory. Chronic illnesses such as Parkinsons disease, diabetes, lupus or Crohns disease may fall into the category of invisible disabilities. NCDJ Recommendation: Someone with an amputation is generally acceptable. AA members do not pay dues or fees; rather, it is supported through contributions. As retired clinical psychologist and disability rights advocate Katherine Schneider notes, You take care of property To people you give care.. Background: Amputation refers to the removal of a bodily extremity, usually during a surgical operation, for a variety of reasons, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine.People who have undergone an amputation are commonly referred to as amputees, but the term may be offensive and often is not used correctly. Too Much to Drink. AP Style: The style book suggests avoiding the term and, instead, trying to be specific about the disability. Ask people how they want to be described. Some people with autism prefer being referred to as autistic or an autistic person. Others object to using autistic as an adjective. Do not substitute slow learner or another derogatory term like retarded.. Background: People-first language avoids defining people in terms of their disability. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using hearing impaired or hearing impairment. For those with total hearing loss or who identity as a member of the Deaf community, deaf is acceptable. It also means characterized by deceleration or reduction in velocity, as in a 1674 reference: When it hath passed ye vertex ye motion changeth its nature, & turneth from an equably accelerated into an equably retarded motion., Actual references to retarded intelligence did not come until the turn of the 20th century, with the advent of the IQ test. It does not address the use of autistic as an adjective. However, people with speech and hearing disabilities are capable of expressing themselves in writing, through sign language and in other ways. Background: Service animals are trained animals, usually dogs, that provide services to people with disabilities. NCDJ Recommendation: Use Americans with Disabilities Act on first reference; ADA is acceptable on second reference. Even in the case of a direct quote, consider how offensive the term is and include the historical context if possible. They also are sometimes called assistance animals, guide dogs, or Seeing Eye dogs. NCDJ Recommendation: Use of the term is acceptable, although an explanation of the meaning will be needed for mainstream audiences who are probably not familiar with it. People with disabilities often complain, and rightly so, that their disability is mentioned even when the story has nothing to do with their disability. Background: Treatment is defined by the American Society of Addiction Medicine as the use of any planned, intentional intervention in the health, behavior, personal and/or family life of an individual with alcoholism or another drug dependency designed to achieve and maintain sobriety, physical and mental health and maximum functional ability. It is interchangeably referred to as Tourette syndrome, Tourettes syndrome and Tourettes disorder. However, prominent mental health organizations such as the Mayo Clinic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Tourette Syndrome Association, refer to it as Tourette syndrome.. When interviewing someone who is non-verbal, be flexible. An Italian version of the guide is available here. It often is caused by a spinal cord or brain injury and is characterized by the loss of sensory and motor function. For similar reasons, there is disagreement about characterizing disease or illness as a battle, as in to battle cancer. These arguments surfaced after U.S. If possible, ask the person which is preferable. The terms depressed, depressing and depressive are acceptable in other contexts when the person being referenced does not have a medically diagnosed condition. See entries on Depression and Mental illness/mental disorder. If you are going to use it in a quote, consider that decision carefully, as the word is particularly charged. The terms intellectually disabled, developmentally disabled, cognitive disability and intellectual disability are acceptable when used in a people-first context to describe someone with Down syndrome, such as the person has a developmental disability. However, it is more accurate to refer specifically to Down syndrome when that is the medically diagnosed condition. The terms signer and interpreter often are used interchangeably but mean different things. It often is caused by a spinal cord or brain injury and is characterized by the loss of sensory and motor function. Background: Psychosis is a broad term used to describe symptoms of certain mental health problems that include delusions or hallucinations or other loss of contact with reality. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using these terms when describing a person with a disability or the programs designed to serve them, with the exception of government references or formal names of organizations and programs. However, some people still strongly support the method. The type and amount of melanin your body produces determines the color of your skin, hair and eyes. Noisy environments make understanding even harder No matter where you find yourself, untreated hearing loss can make understanding speech difficult. Instead, we hope you will double down to find out how people would like to be described. Less than one percent of the general population has schizophrenia, and it is treated mostly through the use of pharmaceutical drugs. Background: According to the University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, learning disability describes a neurologically based condition that may manifest itself as difficulty learning and using skills in reading (called dyslexia), writing (dysgraphia), mathematics (dyscalculia) and other cognitive processes due to differences in how the brain processes information. AP style: The stylebook allows the use of vegetative state, describing it as a condition in which the eyes are open and can move, and the patient has periods of sleep and periods of wakefulness, but remains unconscious, unaware of self or others.. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, the word addiction is acceptable for uncontrollable, compulsive use of substances as well as acts such as gambling, sex, working, etc., in the face of negative health and social consequences. Addiction often implies dependence on substances other than alcohol, although alcoholism is essentially alcohol addiction. For example: He has muscular dystrophy., Conforms to AP style that suggests avoiding descriptions that connote pity., Background: According to the Mayo Clinic, albinism typically refers to oculocutaneous (ok-u-low-ku-TAY-nee-us) albinism (OCA) a group of inherited disorders that results in little or no production of the pigment melanin. The term flashback may be used to denote reliving an event that triggered the PTSD. Use the term hypothyroidism instead. Otherwise, use the terms disabled, disability or person with a disability.. In common usage, psychotic often is used in the same way as the word crazy, and thus can be offensive and inaccurate. WebMD explains the difference between epilepsy and seizures in this way: Seizures, abnormal movements or behavior due to unusual electrical activity in the brain, are a symptom ofepilepsy. The terms also are misleading, as wheelchairs can liberate people, allowing them to move about, and they are inaccurate, as people who use wheelchairs are not permanently confined to them but are transferred to sleep, sit in chairs, drive cars, etc. Aging and exposure to loud noise may cause wear and tear on the hairs or nerve cells in the But not all people who appear to haveseizures haveepilepsy, a group of related disorders characterized by a tendency for recurrentseizures., NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having epilepsy only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. The main causes of conductive hearing loss include obstruction of the ear canal by a foreign body and trauma to the middle ear usually to the ossicles. Programs in Disability Studies should encourage a curriculum that allows students, activists, teachers, artists, practitioners, and researchers to engage the subject matter from various disciplinary perspectives.. Background: Quadriplegia is defined as the paralysis of all four limbs as well as the torso. The terms are considered derogatory because they equate symptoms of illness to filth. Background: Infantile paralysis is shorthand for poliomyelitis and was commonly used in the past to describe polio. Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by unreasonable thoughts and fears that lead to repetitive and often ritualized behaviors or compulsions. Of autistic as an adjective determines the color of your skin, hair and eyes the method to the ear... People with it were called Mongoloids ; this is now considered offensive a proper name member of guide! Version of the Deaf community, Deaf is acceptable on second reference colloquially as a of! 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